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Bacteriology

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What is a MRSA Staphylococcal Infection?
There are good staph bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis), bad staph (Staphylococcus aureus), and really bad, pathogenic staph (MRSA). Here's a comparison.
Causes and Treatment of Bad Breath
Morning's the worst of it; when that sticky, smelly film covers teeth and tongue. Some call it morning breath, or dragon breath, but what really causes halitosis?
Does Mouthwash Kill Oral Bacteria?
In this simple classroom experiment students place oral samples in test tubes of mouthwash to determine rinse time and brands most effective in killing bacteria.
How Do Bacteria Become Resistant to Antibiotics?
Overuse of broad spectrum antibiotics have created superbugs such as Clostridium difficile (C. diff) and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRSA).
What Is a Bacterial Endospore?
Endospores are somewhat like bacterial seeds, tough structures that allow some bacteria to go dormant under unfavorable conditions.
Oral Bacteria & Dental Caries
Dental caries or cavities are caused by acidic metabolites produced by bacteria that normally inhabit the mouth, where they feed on carbohydrates.
Bacteria Horizontal Gene Transfer
Although bacterial reproduction results in the generation of clones, prokaryotes can undergo genetic recombination through transformation, transduction, and conjugation.
Bacterial Endospore Stain Protocol
Endospore staining involves application of a series of dyes. Malachite green stains endospores and safrinin dyes vegetative cells pink. Here's endospore stain procedure.
Acid-fast Ziehl Neelsen Stain Reaction
Acid fast staining involves the application of a series of dyes that leaves some bacteria pink (Acid-fast) and others purple (Nonacid-fast). Here's how this stain works.
API-20E Bacterial Identification Test Strip
Differential stains and media can provide preliminary identification of microbes, but to identify Gram- bacteria to the species, a more sophisticated test is required.
MOA of Quinolone Antibiotics
Antibiotics are chemotherapeutic agents used to inhibit or kill bacteria (prokaryotic organisms). How do quinolones destroy bacteria without hurting our cells?
MOA of Sulfonamide Antibiotics
Antibiotics are chemotherapeutic agents used to inhibit or kill bacteria (prokaryotic organisms). How do sulfonamides impact bacteria without hurting our cells?
MOA of Penicillin Antibiotics
Antibiotics are chemotherapeutic agents used to inhibit or kill bacteria (prokaryotic organisms). How does penicillin destroy bacteria without hurting our cells?
MOA of Cephalosporin Antibiotics
Antibiotics are chemotherapeutic agents used to inhibit or kill bacteria (prokaryotic organisms). How do they destroy bacteria without hurting our cells?
Gram Positive ( Gram+ ) Bacteria
Most bacteria have one of these two types of cell walls. The differential Gram stain uses two dyes to distinguish between bacteria based on cell wall structure.
Gram Negative ( Gram- ) Bacteria
Most bacteria have one of these two types of cell walls. The differential Gram stain uses two dyes to distinguish between bacteria based on cell wall structure.
MOA of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics
Antibiotics are chemotherapeutic agents used to inhibit or kill bacteria (prokaryotic organisms). How do aminoglycosides destroy bacteria without hurting our cells?
MOA of Macrolide Antibiotics
Antibiotics are chemotherapeutic agents used to inhibit or kill bacteria (prokaryotic organisms). How do macrolides destroy bacteria without hurting our cells?
Gram Negative Bacterial Stain
Gram- bacteria stain pink due to the location of cell wall peptidoglycan and an external LPS membrane. Here's how Gram staining identifies Gram negative organisms.
Gram Positive Bacterial Stain
Gram + bacteria stain purple due to the chemistry and structure of their peptidoglycan cell wall. Here's how Gram staining identifies Gram-positive organisms.
Bacteria Gram Stain Reaction
Gram staining involves the application of a series of dyes that leaves some bacteria purple (Gram +) and others pink (Gram -). Here's how the Gram stain works.
Bacterial Cell Wall Structure
The amount and location of peptidoglycan in the prokaryotic cell wall is what determines whether a bacterium is Gram-positive or Gram-negative.